Fountainhead :: essays papers

Fountainhead Fountainhead Book Report Roark and Keating Howard Roark and Peter Keating are two characters whose goals in life are similar, but the manner in which they go about achieving them differs greatly. Howard Roark, the protagonist of the story, is a man whose only passion is architecture and has wanted to be an architect since he was a boy. Peter Keating, the antagonist of the story representing everything Roark hates in society, is a follower in life and whose only prerogative is to get ahead in the world, no matter what the cost or who he has to use in the process. He too strives to be an architect, but his motives are more about money and power unlike Roark, who would work for free if he had to in order to build what he wants to see created as long as he was allowed to do things his way. Throughout the book, the success of the two men in their careers is compared to one another, as well as an analysis on how they go about achieving that success. While more obstacles may lie in the way of Roark's path than of Keating's, he consistently refuses to compromise his integrity no matter what benefits may come of it. Keating, on the other hand, has no concern about what means he has to use to accomplish what he's all about, money and power. In my paper, I will attempt to show how the differences in these two character's personalities affect how the world and individuals close to them perceive them and their actions. 2 Keating's mother, for example, is an overprotective, overbearing women with whom Roark and Keating both lived with while attending Stanton University. Keating's mother appears to be a woman that enjoys imposing her views on others by looking for weak spots in their personalities and creeping in through those venues. An example of this technique in action is displayed with her son Peter, with whom she consistently appeals to his desire for success in life by showing him what great things he could achieve if he would just do as she says, such as marry Dominique Francon, daughter of the owner of the best architecture firm in the country. Her ability to persuade Peter by imposing guilt on him and criticizing his methods of going about things is linked to a weakness in his personality; he really cares about what other people think.

Organization Structure

Sgagafga Fdgasf Fdga Dsg Dgfa G Qgfrsad 1. Function and Project Organization Structures * In a function organization structure, employees are organized according to the nature of their employment. For example, all employees who work with human resources are relegated to a department called human resources while all employees who work with the company's accounts are assigned to the accounting department. In a project organization structure, employees with different skills and responsibilities are put together in departments according to the projects that they are working on. Matrix Organization Structure Matrix organization structure is a hybrid of function and project organization structures where one employees has two or sometimes even more sets of responsibilities and oversight. Said employee is responsible not only to superiors in the department in which he works but also to the manager who leads the project to which he is assigned. For example, an engineer who is assigned to work on architectural plans answers to both the project leader and to his superiors in the engineering department. * Sponsored Links * Employee Performance Goals Employee Performance Goals S/W Download Free Whitepaper! ww. CornerstoneOnDemand. com Communication * Communication can be considered good when it is both effective and efficient in getting the intended meaning across to the intended recipient. Efficient means that the meaning was conveyed in a concise manner without bloat while effective means that the message was conveyed without its intended meaning being distorted in some way in the process. Poor Communication in Matrix Organizations * A matrix organization comes with a host of disadvantages, many of which have a negative impact on the efficacy and efficiency of communication within the organization.First, there is redundant management in the sense that there are two sets of management whose responsibilities overlap at times, meaning that their communication to higher-ups i s hampered by one another. Second is that each set of management is independent of one another; this can produce different analyses, which can lead to a confused assessment for higher-ups. Third is that redundant management is expensive and the two sets of information that they produce and communicate to their superiors is generally not worth that expense. Sponsored Links * Organizational ChartsMake Organizational Charts Fast See Examples, Free Download! www. SmartDraw. com * Create Org Charts Online Plan, Collaborate, Organize Start a Free Live Demo Now www. OrgPlus. com * Organization Structure Chart Quickly Find Organizational Development Theory Solutions www. Business. com * Accredited Sales Courses 100% Online Sales Skills Courses. Approved by IACET. Enroll Today! Universalclass. com Related Searches * Organisational Structure * Matrix Organization * Organization Structure * Matrix Management * Business Structure These 5 Things Will Destroy Your RetirementNewsmax 1% of American s Believe This Crisis is ImminentMoney Morning Before You Sneak That Bottle on BoardReviewed. com Billionaire Tells Americans to Prepare For â€Å"Financial Ruin†Moneynews   by Taboola References * FAO Corporate Document Depositary: Matrix Organization * FAO Corporate Document Depositary: Where the Matrix Approach Is Best * Photo Credit Hemera Technologies/AbleStock. com/Getty Images ————————————————- Matrix management From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | This article  needs additional citations for verification.Please help  improve this article  by  adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be  challenged  and  removed. (October 2010)| A matrix organization Matrix management  is a type of organizational  management  in which people with similar skills are pooled for work assignments. For example, all  engineers  may b e in one engineering department and report to an engineering manager, but these same engineers may be assigned to different projects and report to a different engineering manager or a project manager while working on that project.Therefore, each engineer may have to work under several managers to get his job done. Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  The Matrix * 2  Advantages and Disadvantages * 3  Visual representation * 4  Clarification * 5  References * 6  Further reading| ————————————————- [edit]The Matrix Some organizations fall somewhere between the fully  functional  and pure matrix. These organizations are defined in  A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK) 4th Edition as  composite.For example, even a fundamentally functional or matrix organization may create a special project team to handle a critical project. Whereas project-ce ntered organizations (like those in engineering, construction or the aerospace industries) have structures built around project teams as their functional units, matrix organizations follow the traditional structures, with some adjustments to their hierarchy to support project units. [1] ————————————————- [edit]Advantages and Disadvantages Proponents of matrix suggest that two advantages exist to matrix management.First, it allows team members to share information more readily across task boundaries. Second, it allows for specialization that can increase depth of knowledge and allow professional development and career progression to be managed. The disadvantage of matrix management is that employees can become confused due to conflicting loyalties. The belief is that a properly managed cooperative environment can neutralize these disadvantages. Opponents of matrix managemen t believe that it is an outdated method to organize a company.One disadvantage of matrix management is that it doubles the number of managers when compared to  line management, and as the time to reach a decision increases with the number of managers the result may be an increase in management related overhead expenses. The advantages of a matrix include: * Individuals can be chosen according to the needs of the project. * The use of a project team that is dynamic and able to view problems in a different way as specialists have been brought together in a new environment. * Project managers are directly responsible for completing the project within a specific deadline and budget.Whilst the disadvantages include: * A conflict of loyalty between line managers and project managers over the allocation of resources. * Projects can be difficult to monitor if teams have a lot of independence. * Costs can be increased if more managers (i. e. project managers) are created through the use of project teams. ————————————————- [edit]Visual representation Representing matrix organizations visually has challenged managers ever since the matrix management structure was invented.Most organizations use dotted lines to represent secondary relationships between people, and charting software such as Visio and OrgPlus supports this approach. Until recently,  Enterprise resource planning(ERP) and  Human resource management systems  (HRMS) software did not support matrix reporting. Late releases of  SAP  software support matrix reporting, and  OracleeBusiness Suite can also be customized to store matrix information. ————————————————- [edit]Clarification Matrix management should not be confused with â€Å"tight matrix†.Tight matrix, or co-locati on, refers to locating offices for a project team in the same room, regardless of management structure. ————————————————- [edit]References 1. ^  Seet, Daniel. â€Å"Power: The Functional Manager’s Meat and Project Manager’s Poison? â€Å",  PM Hut, February 6, 2009. Retrieved on March 2, 2010. ————————————————- [edit]Further reading * Galbraith, J. R. (1971). â€Å"Matrix Organization Designs: How to combine functional and project forms†. In:  Business Horizons, February, 1971, 29-40. â€Å"A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge  (PMBOK)†,  Project Management Institute,  ISBN 1-880410-23-0 * R J Shepherd (2007). â€Å"Mentoring Soft Boundaries for Management†, MIDAS MDF 2007; 2:79-89 Categories: * Mana gement * Organizational theory * Types of organization ————————————————- Navigation menu * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events * Random article * Donate to Wikipedia * Wikimedia Shop Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export Languages * * * Deutsch * Francais * * Magyar * Nederlands * * Norsk bokmal * Polski * Portugues * Suomi * Ti? ng Vi? t * Edit links * This page was last modified on 4 April 2013 at 12:35. * Text is available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the  Terms of Use  and  Privacy Policy. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the  Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-pro fit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

Act 5 Scene 2 of The Taming of the Shrew by William...

Act 5 Scene 2 of The Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare For a Modern Audience The Taming of the Shrew involves a rich businessman, Baptista, who has two daughters. He forbids anyone to court his beautiful daughter, Bianca, until he finds someone to marry his other daughter, Katherina, who is labelled a shrew. The man marries Katherina is Petruchio; who treats her cruelly until she obeys and agrees with him. At the time the play was written, the role of women in life was different. Today, we learn that men and women should be seen as equals. In act 5 scene 2 of the play, this is not seen. In Padua, women were seen as possessions of men among with other things such as the mans house or†¦show more content†¦The servants, Biondello and Gremio will also be playing cards with the men because they are good friends of their masters. The men will be dressed in casual suits with loosened ties to create the effect of the upper class relaxing. Kate will be wearing a long, flowing dress to show that she is like an ordinary upper class lady rather than the more radical clothes she would have worn before she was tamed. Bianca and the widow would also be wearing the same style of dress. I want the audience to think that although Kate has been disciplined and obeys Petruchio, she is still her own person. All the other men will think she is her old self and will never be to be like her sister, Bianca. After being called for by her husband, Petruchio, Kate will enter the mens room, dragging Bianca by the hair. This will show the audience that even though Kate has changed to be more like her sister was, she still doesnt get on well with Bianca. Bianca is seen gradually becoming like how Kate used to be. The two are almost swapping personalities. Lucentio is very disappointed with his wife, Bianca and she would react to him by saying this line slightly crying: The more fool you for laying on my duty ========================================= the audience would be quite astonished by this reply because she is usually very quiet and obedient. This would be aShow MoreRelatedTaming Of The Shrew By William Shakespeare And 10 Things I Hate About You By Gil Junger1365 Words   |  6 Pages2003) Detecting the intertextual relationship between Taming of the Shrew by William Shakespeare and 10 Things I Hate About You by Gil Junger, has greatly enhanced and enriched my understanding of love and gender and it’s varying ideals throughout the centuries. Taming of the Shrew depicts the quintessential features of a 16th century marriage, whilst 10 Things I Hate About You, its 21st century counterpart, has been rebooted to match the modern cultural expectations and ideals of love, relationshipsRead More William Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew845 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares The Taming of the Shrew The Taming of the Shrew could either be seen as offensive or acceptable to women dependant upon the era of which they lived (16th century-the period of Shakespeare, or the 21st century). Act 4 Scene 1 is a main focal point to debate whether the play is seen as offensive to women. In Shakespeares time, women were not treated humanely but more like objects. Men were seen as the superior sex of which had complete control over women and couldRead MoreEssay about Much Ado About Nothing: A Comedy with Deep Meaning1270 Words   |  6 PagesMuch Ado About Nothing:   A Comedy with Deep Meaning  Ã‚  Ã‚      Much Ado About Nothing--the title sounds, to a modern ear, offhand and self-effacing; we might expect the play that follows such a beginning to be a marvelous piece of fluff and not much more. However, the play and the title itself are weightier than they initially seem. Shakespeare used two other such titles--Twelfth Night, or What You Will and As You Like It--both of which send unexpected reverberations of meaning throughout theirRead More The Politics of Contemporary Approaches to Shakespeare Essay3166 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract Postmodern performance of Shakespeare, particularity in film, is characterized by a subjective experience within the play not an objective experience from the play. Under postmodernism, Shakespeare undergoes theorizing, deconstruction, displacement or death of the author, textual criticism, and cultural and political relativism but fails to produce solid answers. Postmodern Shakepseare does not offer new meanings but new and more possibilities for contemplating meaning. This fails bothRead MoreIntroduction : How ve He Do That?10829 Words   |  44 Pageshe was a knight. (e) The real reason to go there is because of the fascination he had with chivalric romances. As a result of his love and dedication to this genre he sets out from La Mancha, his home, on a quest for adventure. Chapter 2 -- Nice to Eat with You: Acts of Communion To most people sharing a meal with someone is just, well sharing a meal with someone. It could be with your family as a gathering or with your boss as a formal business dinner. The only thing that varies from meal to mealRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 Pagesliterature has a cognitive and communicative function has come to the fore again and has freed the literary text from its artificial isolation†. The preceding discussion and other studies show that the 1960s witnessed the firm establishment of modern stylistics and ever since then the discipline has been developing at an enormous speed. As Carter and Simpson (1989) observed, at â€Å"the risk of overgeneralization and oversimplification, we might say that if the 1960s was a decade of formalism in stylisticsRead Morewisdom,humor and faith19596 Words   |  79 Pages WISDOM, HUMOR, AND FAITH: A HISTORICAL VIEW Walter G. Moss Table of Contents (with links) Walter G. Moss 1 Table of Contents (with links) 1 Wisdom, Perspective, and Values 2 Humor’s Contribution to Wisdom 4 Humor and Wisdom in Europe: Some Highlights 5 Renaissance Humor: Erasmus, Rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare 5 Two European Russians: Anton Chekhov and Vladimir Soloviev 9 Reflections on Humor from Nietzsche to the Theatre of the Absurd 12 Humor and Wisdom in the United States: Lincoln, Beecher

Analysis Of Alexander Pushkin s Queen Of Spades

Alexander Pushkin â€Å"Queen of Spades† is a story about a man’s greed causing damage in many lives. The man uses someone s heart to find the supernatural secret to several large jackpots. Many would say that this story is good and had a great meaning behind it, but there are some who find many problems and question that need to be answer. In this story there are many question like what is the moral, is the message clear, is this a supernatural or reality at its worst, and why those cards. In this fantastic short story by Alexander Pushkin there are many questions left to be answered through his audience leaving for many different interpretations. This story shows us the idea of many things, but is the story too much for one moral of the story. What is the moral of the story? Many moral can be found like never be too trustworthy or greed will only leave in disaster. Some could say that the moral could be that the story has a deeper moral. For example, some say that t he moral is about the action of one man greed can affect the lives of not one but all. It can be far fetch but some have come to believe that Pushkin moral was this. All this is good but one thing is for sure it is never stated and different people leave different interpretation and that is why people have found that this work is not defined enough to be one hundred percent sure. With the moral left unknown so is the message. What is Pushkin main idea for this story? What did want to accomplish out of it? Some

Ronald Reagan Farewell Speech Essay - 1221 Words

Elizabeth David Advanced Technical Communications: Paper Assignment #1 February 27, 2012 On January 11, 1989 President Ronald Reagan gave his Farewell Address to the Nation from the Oval Office in The White House. The speech was broadcast live on nationwide radio and television. He had served our country for 8 years and now it was time for George Bush to take office. He used his 34th and final speech as president to not only bid the nation farewell but also to give thanks to the American people. He shares with America his experience as the U.S President and ensures that he could not have made the changes he made without the nation’s help. The speech is deliberative. His goal is to be sure to persuade the people that America is a†¦show more content†¦Most of the appeal in this speech is to pathos. Very early on in his speech Reagan states, â€Å"And so many times I wanted to stop and reach out from behind the glass, and connect. Well maybe I can do a little of that tonight†. This is the beginning of his regard to pathos. With this statement he is trying to make a connection with the people which he did a phenomenal job of doing so. He uses the term â€Å"we† throughout the speech because he wants to be sure that the people know and understand that he has served this country for them. Reagan is also sure to make the people apart of his serving time. â€Å"I’ve been asked if I have any regrets. Well I do. The deficit is one†, this is another example of Reagan stepping out of his President shoes and admitting that there were mistakes that were made during his term. His intentions are to simply make the American people proud to be Americans. In regard to ethos, he talks about how the American tradition is the first in the history of the mankind where we â€Å"truly reversed the course of government.† The purpose of government is not to tell people what to do and â€Å"tell the people what their privileges are.† Rather, it is the people who tell the government what to do, including â€Å"where it should go, and by what route, and how fast.† This is because we are free. The recognition of this principle was, Reagan said, â€Å"the underlying basis for everything I’ve tried to do these past eight years.† Of all theShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis: Rhetorical Analysis:1723 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Rhetorical Analysis: President Ronald Reagan s Farwell Address Rhetorical Analysis: Reagan s Farwell Address Ronald Reagan s Farewell Address was an amazing example of conveying the fundamentals for freedom through an emotional and visual lesson. It is no wonder that the president known as the great communicator was successful in painting for us a picture of who we were, past and present, and the improvements in the areas of strength, securityRead MoreTaylor Liechty. W131-Period 2. March 23, 2017. Ronald Reagan1183 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 23, 2017 Ronald Reagan was the 40th president of the United States of America. Before becoming interested in politics, he was an actor born in Tampico, Illinois (Freidel, Sidey). In 1966, Reagan was elected governor of California, and that was the beginning of his political future (Freidel, Sidey). Reagan strove through foreign policy while building America strong thought his words, â€Å"peace through strength† (Freidel, Sidey). Pushing through an assassin-attempt, Reagan achieved great thingsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Ronald Reagan s Farewell Address Essay1767 Words   |  8 PagesFarewells and Fair-Warnings A Rhetorical Analysis of Ronald Reagan’s Farewell Address Introduction to Analysis On January 11, 1989, President Ronald Reagan sat at his desk in the Oval Office to address his nation for the final time. This rhetorical moment was not the first of its kind. Rather, the Farewell Address is a Presidential tradition, started by George Washington, that every president takes part in before leaving office. As a sort of â€Å"goodbye† to the nation, the President discusses the accomplishmentsRead MoreComparison Of John F Kennedy Inaugural Address999 Words   |  4 Pages The Inauguration of President John F. Kennedy and the Farewell Address to the Nation by President Ronald Reagan share similar tones when addressing the American people. As one President enters the white house and the other leaves, both men share their admiration, strength, and compassion that the American people share when working together. The Farewell Address and the Inauguration were two of the most memorable speeches of all time. It is as though both men were speaking to the public as if the yRead MoreBest Vs. Worst Communicators967 Words   |  4 Pagescome to mind, former United States President Ronald Reagan and the former Chief Executive Officer of British Petroleum (BP) Tony Hayward, respectively. Both of these men exhibited certain attributes that affected the way that audiences received the messages they were attempting to convey. One of the key characteristics of good communication is being knowledgeable on the subject you are speaking about. Most of the great communicators such as Ronald Reagan ensure that they carry out their due diligenceRead MorePresident Reag The President Of The United States959 Words   |  4 Pagesexpress your love for one’s country than when given the opportunity to lead them. Ronald Reagan got that opportunity on January 20, 1981, after being elected as the new President of the United States. During his first inaugural speech, Reagan uses Kairos, his first true opportunity, to rally the American people behind his ideals and gain their trust by using pathos, ethos, and logos. At the beginning of his speech, Reagan is extremely grateful for this opportunity and tells the American people theyRead More Nuclear Proliferation Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pages Nuclear Proliferation Andrew Jackson’s farewell address to the nation, he stated, â€Å"We shall more certainly preserve peace when it is well understood that we are prepared for war,† (Political Quotations #3719). The United States has always throughout history been a major military power from the use of abnormal tactics during the Revolutionary War (1776) to the use of its technology and advanced weapons in the Persian Gulf War (1991). After World War II and the Cold War Era, the United StatesRead MoreThe United States Foreign Policy Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve the United States should remain withdrawn from the affairs of foreign countries, but other Americans believe the United States should involve itself in the affairs of foreign countries. In 1796, George Washington included these words in his farewell address, â€Å"steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.† These words from George Washington shaped the foreign policy of the United S tates for over a century. 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Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior Free Essays

SOCL2151 Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior Phase 4 Individual Project Repost And Phase 5 Individual Project Conclusion Jerry Dunlap CTU Online Nov 12, 2012 SOCL2152 Introduction Portions of this assignment has repurposed work from Professor Vila’s Sociology 215 In my Phase 4 Individual Project I will be taking about the sociology of sport, what sport and event I picked and why I picked them. I will talk and describe the event and the sport that I have picked as well. I will be giving a description of my field observation over the event that I watched. We will write a custom essay sample on Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will also talk about what it was like doing field work without really being in the field to do it. I will also go into talking about what I have learned from my field observation and Reflect on sports and the field of sociology of sport. Sports are and have been for me a way to relax ever sense I was a little boy growing up and going to school. I played sports in junior high and in high school as well. Sports for many people can be a way of life or their main way of making money to live from one day to the next. I watch sports manly because when I watch them I think man I wish that was me out there on that field or on that court them I wouldn’t have to worry so much about how I am going to take care of my family. I can be watching a game and sitting there thinking as well if I could just have one of the pay checks that the players get I would be seat for a long time. The sport that I was going with at first was basketball but after thinking about it I was like hold on there aren’t any basketball games showing on television right now so I changed it to football just to be able to do the field observation. I picked football because I grow up watching it when I was younger and I played it for three years in high school but I will be talking a little about both of them because of using both of them in my last two Individual Project. On January 20th 1892 the first true basketball game as we know it was played in Springfield Massachusetts. Doctor James Naismith a Canadian invented basketball for the YMCA so that they could play during the winter months. He made up rules for the game and also nailed up two peach baskets for hoops. Most of the rules the he made for the game of basketball are still used but have been changed up a little bit over the years. SOCL2153 Pro basketball and college basketball are both big sports that are covered by all types of media like the news, radio, television and the internet is a big one as well. Radio has a big impacted on basketball because it allows people that can’t watch it to be able to listen to the games. The internet and new allows you to be able to keep up with states and other stuff like that on the sport and on the players as well. The description of my field observation after watch the Sunday game between the Cowboys and Giants is there are all types of people there besides the players on the field playing the game, and coaches. There are the people that call the game and the camera people from the television channel that the game was on. There where fans, cheerleaders from both teams and referees as well. From what I could see and hear the fans where all into the game cheering and boing when bad calls were made or when there team made a good or bad play. People that where at the game looked to me like they were of all ages from little kids up to aridly people. The players seem to show when they are upset about a bad call or a play that was ran the wrong way. The players also show off a little after they make big play or even a little play. With the part of who hangs out with whom, and what are the moods and social dynamics. I can’t really tell from watching the game on television but for the most part I would think that most of the people that go to games just hang out with the ones they go there with and the players who can really say who they hang out with when there not playing. Some of the behavior in the game is from both the fans and players. Fans can start getting upset because there team isn’t playing like they should or there team isn’t getting the right calls from the referees that they think they should be. The same could go for the players from both teams. They start getting mad because they aren’t playing like they should be or they get a bad call. It all depends on how the game is going and how the players are playing on how the fans act and or behave. I picked this event because I am a big cowboys fan and I just like watching them play on Sundays. SOCL2154 As everyone knows American football has been around for centuries and is one of the most popular sports in America. As of 2010 football is the most watched sport of all of the four sports in America today. The Beginning A citizen of ancient Greek times used to play a game called harpaston and this game was known as a dangerous game. There were no rules, no field specifications and no guidelines. They simply went out and played this game resembling a mixture of rugby and football. In the 12th century the game as we now know it began in England. People of this time started to love this game so much that at one time both Kings Henry II and Henry IV banned the game. At this time people where only allowed to run and kicked the ball and couldn’t pass the ball forward at all. EVOLUTION On November 6, 1869 American football was believed to be burn when Princeton and Rutgers Universities met to play the first organized football match in American history. Within the next five years the game would change and more teams would be added. There would be new rules put together allowing the teams to have 15 players on their team. A coach from Yale named Walter Camp introduce new rule changes to the game that would include cutting the number of players allowed on the field from 15 down to 11 and adding downs. Football originally only had three downs and the teams only had to go five yards to get a first down but in 1912 it got increased to four down and they had to get 10 yards for a first down. President Theodore Roosevelt would later help the colleges put together or crate the National Collegiate Athletic Association and they would put together a seven member rules committee that would pass a rule to legalize the forward pass. In 1922 the American Professional Football Association changed its name to the National Football League and thus the NFL is born. Then in 1966 the Super Bowl was crated as the NFLs Championship game. In 1967 the first super bowl was played between the Green Bay Packers and the Dallas Cowboys and the Packers would go on the win the first ever super bowl over the Cowboys 21 to 17. SOCL2155 I have learned from doing field work that it is hard to do when you’re really not on the field doing it was same what hard to do because you can’t really get a good look at the fans or what is going on around the field. When watching the game on a television from the house only thing you really get a good look at is all of the players from both teams and the coaches. You can hear the fans and maybe every now and thing you can get a look at the fans just for a few seconds but not long enough to really be able to see how they are acting. Phase 5 Individual Project My life experience with sports has been very interesting from the start. I started playing sports like running cross country, track and playing basketball when I was in middle school. I wanted to play football but are iddle school football coach wouldn’t late me. He told me that I was too small because I only weighted like 110 pounds in middle school. When I got into high school I still played these three sports but my sophomore year I finally started playing football but by thin I was not that up to date on how to play the game nor was I really that good. I was able to travel to many different places in middle school and high school because of sports even if it was just in the state that I live in. I allowed me to meet different people from different areas of the state. I still think to this day if it wasn’t for sports and school that I wouldn’t have passed and graduated high school like I did. Sports are part of what I am today and I big reason why I am a sports fan today. SOCL2156 Being a sports fan of sports now I would have to say that for me it’s a way to relax and enjoy same of the sports that I played in school without playing them anymore. Being able to watch sports gives people a way to get together with friends a few times a week or just a few times a month depending on the sport that is on at that time. I see watching sports as a way to get a little trill without have to put your own life at risk or anyone else’s because you can do it sitting at home with your family or with friends. The sport experience help me connect with friends because it gives us something to talk about when we get together other thin just are family’s and what we have done over the past few days or weeks. The sports experience gets people together no matter what type of people they are or what race they are even if it’s just for a few minutes or a few hours’ people aren’t looking at others based on their skin color or their religion. References: ESPN. (2012). Retrieved from ESPN. com: http://espn. go. com/nba/ history of Football. (2012). Retrieved from historyoffootball. net: http://historyoffootball. net/ Bass, A. (2010, Apr 19). Livestrong. Retrieved from livestrong. com: http://www. livestrong. com/article/108870-history-football/ Faurschou, B. (n. d. ). History of Basketball. . Retrieved from nbahoopsonline. com: http://www. nbahoopsonline. com/Articles/History1. html How to cite Sociology and Understanding Human Behavior, Essay examples

Contractual Liability for Olley V Marlborough Court -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theContractual Liability for Olley V Marlborough Court. Answer: Issue: The issue in this case is that whether David can claim compensation for the damages to his car. Rule: Exclusion clause is considered to be significant term under the law of contract with the help of which one of the parties to the contract can escape liability. The essentials of exclusion clause are- The parties to a contract can only rely upon the existence of an exclusion clause only if such exclusion clause is consolidated into the contract (Cartwright 2016). However, it is important that the exclusion clause must be clear and free from encumbrances (Besley 2015). In some cases it may occur that the exclusion clause is depicted in a document which is not duly signed, for instance, it may be a ticket or a notice (Deakin et al. 2017). In this regard, the Court is at the authority to reject the enforcement of an exclusion clause, if it comes to its knowledge that the injured party was aware of the existence of the clause and was given reasonable notice (Kraakman and Hansmann 2017). The defendant can escape liability, if the exclusion clause contained in the form of a document (Roehrich and Lewis 2014). However, the nature of the document should be such so that it can be noticed by any reasonable man (Piccoli and De Witte 2015). It is essential to remind the other party regarding the presence of exclusion clause in the contract before binding in an agreement. In Olley V Marlborough Court [1949] 1 KB 532 it was observed that the contract was formed between the parties inside the hall room of the suite before the plaintiff could view the notice. Therefore, it was held by the Court that the notice was not included in the contract which formed between the parties. In order to escape liability, it is important that the exclusion clause should be clear from ambiguity (Kraakman and Hansmann 2017). The working of the clause should be mentioned in such a way so that the individual can rely upon it (Piccoli and De Witte 2015). In order to avoid liability the wordings of the language must be precise. It was observed in Thornton V Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686 it was observed that the plaintiff drove his car into the car park which belonged to the defendant. Inside the car park, the plaintiff was handed a ticket by the automatic machine where the terms and conditions were depicted. The conditions were written in a very small print which would exclude them from the liability in case of injury to vehicles. It was held by the Court that the defendant cannot escape liability with the exclusion clause as it was not noticeable by the plaintiff. Similarly in Curtis V Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805 it was observed that the plaintiff could not no tice the wordings of the receipt which was given to her by the cleaners. It was held by the Court that the cleaners cannot escape liability by depending upon the exclusion clause. Application: In the present scenario, it can be observed that when David drove into the car park, Jenny Pty Ltd where there was a large signboard which stated that the owners should keep their vehicles at their own risk and in case of damage, the owners of the car park shall not be held liable for any damage. However, the ticket which was handed to David before entering the car park contained certain provisions which David could not see. The exception of incorporation of contract can be applied in this case, because as soon as David entered into the car park and accepted the ticket, the contract was formed. In this regard, the case study of Olley V Marlborough Court [1949] 1 KB 532 can be applied in which it was observed that the contract was formed in the hall room before the plaintiff could enter into the room. However, in this case the defendant could not escape liability as the plaintiff was not aware of the contract incorporated in the notice. Similarly, in the present scenario, it can be st ated that the owners of the car park cannot escape liability as David was not aware of the contract incorporated when receiving the receipt. The case of Thornton V Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686 and Curtis V Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805 can be refereed in this case. It is evident that David upon receiving the receipt could not see the wordings contained in it. Therefore, the owners of the car park are at the responsibility to include the exclusion clause in such a way so that it can be noticed by any reasonable person. Conclusion: In the conclusion it can be stated that David is at the authority to sue the owner of the car parking station and therefore can claim compensation for the damage caused to his vehicle. Issue: The issue in this case is that whether David has to pay the full amount. Rule: In the law of contract, consideration is an important term. The term consideration is used in a contract when there is a promise to pay an amount in return of supply of goods and services (Masten and Prfer 2014). In this regard, it is worth stating that without the existence of a valid consideration, the promise made by the either party has no existence (Hoeppner Freund and Depoorter 2017). In Hartley v Ponsonby (1857 ) 119 ER 1471, QB it was observed that he captain has promised to pay an extra amount to his crew however; half of them did not receive the extra amount. Therefore, it was held by the Court that the captain shall be liable for the breach of promise. In Dunlop v Selfridge (1915) AC 847 the term consideration was defined in a different manner. Here, it was held by the Court that, the existence of consideration in a contract creates benefit for one party and the detriment or loss is suffered by the other party. It is noteworthy to mention here that every consideration requ ires the existence of a present or future exchange (Decarolis 2014). The presence of a mere wish does not bind the parties to a contract; in order to bind the parties there must be a presence of reasonable consideration which was held in Thomas v Thomas(1842) 2 QB 851; 114 ER 330. However, it is important that the nature of the promise must be more than a reasonable duty which was observed in Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5. Consideration can be divided into two types- Executory consideration: A consideration can be regarded as executory when there is a transfer of promises between the parties regarding the performance of a specific act (Alschner 2014). For instance, if there is a promise on the part of A to deliver certain goods to B, where as B promises that he shall pay on delivery. If A delivers the goods on time however; B denies to pay the amount, therefore the consideration on the part of A is executed however; A is at the authority to sue B for breach of contract. Executed consideration: When a promise is made by one of the parties in exchange for an act by the other party. Upon completion of the act, the consideration is termed to be executed. The consideration must not be based upon a past promise. In this regard, it can be mentioned that consideration made in the past is not a good consideration. Past consideration in a contract is declared to be void and therefore parties cannot rely upon it to sue for breach of contract (Masten and Prfer 2014). However, in case of business transactions, it is evident that both the parties has agreed to a reasonable consideration and has paid for the same in the past. Therefore such past considerations in business situations will be valid which was observed in Re Caseys Patents [1892] 1 Ch 104. Application: In the present scenario, it is evident that Emily has already promised David that she would reduce the price of the chairs to an amount of $200/month. However, the amount depicted in the invoice was $300/month. In this regard, it can be noted that there was a promise on the part of Emily and such promise was governed by a consideration. The case study of Hartley v Ponsonby (1857 ) 119 ER 1471, QB can be applied because it can be observed that Emily has breached her promise and therefore David is at the authority to sue her for breach of promise. The case Dunlop v Selfridge (1915) AC 847 can be referred here because due to the presence of consideration in the said promise, David would have been benefitted while Emily would suffer detriment or loss. The case of Thomas v Thomas(1842) 2 QB 851; 114 ER 330 can be referred in this case because the promise which existed between David and Emily was not a mere wish, the promise was supported by a consideration. The case of Williams v Roffey B ros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5 can be referred because, the nature of the promise which existed between David and Emily can be considered to be more than a reasonable duty. The exception of executory consideration can be applied in this case. It can be observed that there was a promise from the end of Emily to reduce the price of chairs to $200/month. Therefore, based on her promise David was expecting to pay the reduced amount. Therefore, the consideration on the part of Emily was not executed and therefore David can sue her for breach of promise. The exception of executed consideration can be applied here which states that parties should not rely upon a past consideration. However, in case of business situations which existed between David and Emily, past consideration can be said to be valid. Conclusion: It can be finally concluded that David is not liable to pay the full amount. Issue: The issue in this case is whether Master Arts can terminate the contract and Laura can take any action against them. Rule: Termination of contract is a significant essence of contract which takes place when the parties to the contract and not anymore bounded by the contractual obligations. Therefore, termination of contract can take place by- By an agreement between the parties. By breach of contract. The inability to perform by the parties. By performance. Termination can be caused by breach of contract when one of the parties to the contract fails to deliver the contractual liabilities promised during the course of contract. An anticipatory breach of contract may occur when there is an intention on the part of the part of the party either express or implied to terminate the contract (Deakin et al. 2017). In this regard, the parties consider themselves that they are no longer bound by the conditions of the contract. Therefore, the innocent party is at the authority to sue for damages for the termination of contract as a result of breach on the part of other party. The injured party may also accept such repudiation and terminate the contract which was observed in Confetti Records V Warner Music Uk (2003). Contract can also be terminated when the performance on the part of the parties are partial (Besley 2015). A contract is discharged when the performance is complete however; it can be terminated where the performance is not completed on the part of the parties. A contract can also be terminated when the parties are prevented from performing their duties which was held in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists(Southern)Ltd[1953] EWCA Civ 6. However, there must be a presence of an unforeseeable force which prevents the parties from performing the obligations of the contract. In case of termination of contract, there injured party is at the authority to take legal actions against the party who has breached the contract. In some cases, the parties not perform according to the terms and conditions of the contract which results into termination of contract. In this context, the injured party is at the authority to bring claim for damages which was observed in Pickfords Ltd v Celestica Ltd [2003] All ER (D) 265 (Nov). Application: In the present scenario, it can be observed that there was a contract between Laura and the Master Art to create three sculptures for Master Art every year. However, it was observed that at the end of the year only two sculptures was created by Laura. In this regard, the principle of termination of contract can be applied. In this context, the essentials of termination can be applied which is termination by breach of contract. It can be observed that the Laura did not perform the obligations of the contract. Laura was required as a part of the contract to create three sculptures at the end of every year which she failed to do. Therefore, Master Arts is at the authority to sue Laura for breach of contract and can terminate the contract. Therefore the ground of inability to perform can be applied as Laura failed to perform the requirements of the contract. Therefore, in this scenario, the cases study of Confetti Records V Warner Music Uk (2003) can be referred and hence Masters Act can repudiate the contract and thereby terminate the contract. The case law of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] EWCA Civ 6 can be referred because in the present scenario, Laura has not discharged her duties in relation to the contract. Therefore Master Arts can terminate the contract any time on the ground of non-performance. The case references of Pickfords Ltd v Celestica Ltd [2003] All ER (D) 265 (Nov) can be applied to the present scenario because the injured party Master Arts has the authority to take legal actions for the loss incurred. Therefore, it can either terminate the contract or sue Laura for breach of contract. Conclusion: It can be finally concluded that Master Arts is at the authority to terminate the contract however; Laura does not have the authority to proceed with any legal actions against them. References: Cases: Confetti Records V Warner Music Uk (2003). Curtis V Chemical Cleaning Co [1951] 1 KB 805. Dunlop v Selfridge (1915) AC 847. Hartley v Ponsonby (1857 ) 119 ER 1471, QB. Olley V Marlborough Court [1949] 1 KB 532. Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (Southern) Ltd [1953] EWCA Civ 6. Pickfords Ltd v Celestica Ltd [2003] All ER (D) 265 (Nov). Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851; 114 ER 330. Thornton V Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 1 All ER 686. Williams v Roffey Bros Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd [1989] EWCA Civ 5. Journals: Alschner, W., 2014. Regionalism and overlap in investment treaty law: Towards consolidation or contradiction?.Journal of International Economic Law,17(2), pp.271-298. Besley, T., 2015. Law, regulation, and the business climate: The nature and influence of the World Bank Doing Business project.Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(3), pp.99-120. Cartwright, J., 2016.Contract law: An introduction to the English law of contract for the civil lawyer. Bloomsbury Publishing. Deakin, S., Gindis, D., Hodgson, G.M., Huang, K. and Pistor, K., 2017. Legal institutionalism: capitalism and the constitutive role of law.Journal of Comparative Economics,45(1), pp.188-200. Decarolis, F., 2014. Awarding price, contract performance, and bids screening: Evidence from procurement auctions.American Economic Journal: Applied Economics,6(1), pp.108-32. Hoeppner, S., Freund, L. and Depoorter, B., 2017. The Moral-Hazard Effect of Liquidated Damages: An Experiment on Contract Remedies.Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE,173(1), pp.84-105. Kraakman, R. and Hansmann, H., 2017. The end of history for corporate law. InCorporate Governance(pp. 49-78). Gower. Masten, S.E. and Prfer, J., 2014. On the evolution of collective enforcement institutions: communities and courts.The Journal of Legal Studies,43(2), pp.359-400. Piccoli, B. and De Witte, H., 2015. Job insecurity and emotional exhaustion: Testing psychological contract breach versus distributive injustice as indicators of lack of reciprocity.Work Stress,29(3), pp.246-263. Roehrich, J. and Lewis, M., 2014. Procuring complex performance: Implications for exchange governance complexity.International Journal of Operations Production Management,34(2), pp.221-241.